tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18670305074100897902024-03-05T06:29:32.367-08:00The Fathers CircleThe Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-75257597510807296072008-08-21T12:00:00.000-07:002008-12-10T20:22:46.248-08:00The Fathers Circle<div align="center"><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,102,0);font-family:verdana;font-size:130%;" ></span></div><div align="center"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">.</span></div><span style="font-family:verdana;"><a>Our mission is to celebrate and support </a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><a>men raising children with speci</a></span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><a>al health</a></span><a style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"> care needs and developmental disabilities.</span> </span></a><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip909SwVwf2CnooU-DldOFW4DMnQ7P84d52LnG2KYm7KiQPPItdvP4XR-NXkZuiUCfWST0tsKgXYOrpxm6mXXvOmtNA6x-A8ZT1QEz-4tyUXXjU9lB8ALlAgPwfUo3O6TW9haDMPfEFg4B/s1600-h/Sun+Breaking+Birds+Flying.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5104601344343357666" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: pointer; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip909SwVwf2CnooU-DldOFW4DMnQ7P84d52LnG2KYm7KiQPPItdvP4XR-NXkZuiUCfWST0tsKgXYOrpxm6mXXvOmtNA6x-A8ZT1QEz-4tyUXXjU9lB8ALlAgPwfUo3O6TW9haDMPfEFg4B/s400/Sun+Breaking+Birds+Flying.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The Fathers Circle provides a forum for men to share current information, resources and their experiences, with one another. If you have any suggestions for additional information you would like to see on our website please email us at... thefatherscircle@gmail.com.<br /><br /></span></span>"A hundred years from now it will not matter what my bank account was, the sort of house I lived in, or the kind of car I drove... but the world may be different because I was important in the life of a child."<br /><br />Forest E. Witcraft<br /><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;"><br /></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:0;">Disclaimer: The referrals on this website are a combined effort of caring parents and are not intended to be medical advice. With any therapy, results may vary. This website </span></span></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:0;">neither endorses nor opposes any outside causes that can be reached through any links on our site.</span></span>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-6662873860078724852008-08-21T11:59:00.000-07:002010-05-25T15:50:08.196-07:00Next Meeting<span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Thursday, May 27, 2010<br /><span style="font-size:78%;">(4th Thursday of every month)</span><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">6:30 - 8:30pm</span></span><br /></span><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><a href="http://www.trinitypleasanton.org/">Trinity Lutheran Church</a></span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Fellowship Wing Room<br />1225 Hopyard Rd., Pleasanton, CA 94566</span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">(See map below)<br /></span><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br />Click on map to enlarge...<br /><br /></span></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIjkwtIMwPOjtJJ1OQnrbHUQx57SpD0O4Cv2z7DTRb2mwEx8hfrRK4zlEVYxVBYsIr2aGNbx51IKxpHXmtTO2ZU42QwkEONDEufvStulzs6tFD7LrMAiQaR7u4SS80qunS_4RMEGc93Rtb/s1600-h/Trinity+Map.png"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; DISPLAY: block; CURSOR: pointer" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5137620052462066354" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIjkwtIMwPOjtJJ1OQnrbHUQx57SpD0O4Cv2z7DTRb2mwEx8hfrRK4zlEVYxVBYsIr2aGNbx51IKxpHXmtTO2ZU42QwkEONDEufvStulzs6tFD7LrMAiQaR7u4SS80qunS_4RMEGc93Rtb/s400/Trinity+Map.png" /></a>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-23359784253185503442008-08-21T11:58:00.000-07:002009-11-15T13:35:22.888-08:00Events<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaRVa8_EH_tKj3zGdYeIZ5JeWlA56iW8AvCJWrN3xZNWUd8VX2j4zLLcjCWX9DdhnerAN66zTgwEIZQQ_mAoQ7Kl6HznIKozkTdQO5LIDLeeFMQyZ87UZnMEkafr4Nb6c8Z8I0tcQTsGYM/s1600-h/Whats+New.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5104663118857976050" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaRVa8_EH_tKj3zGdYeIZ5JeWlA56iW8AvCJWrN3xZNWUd8VX2j4zLLcjCWX9DdhnerAN66zTgwEIZQQ_mAoQ7Kl6HznIKozkTdQO5LIDLeeFMQyZ87UZnMEkafr4Nb6c8Z8I0tcQTsGYM/s200/Whats+New.jpg" border="0" /></a><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The need for accurate and up-to-date resources when raising a child with special needs is paramount. </span><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,255,0)">Indeed, information is power.</span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"> </span>The more you know</span><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;">, the more you can take charge and bring about positive outcomes for your child a</span><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;">n</span><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;">d your family. The Fathers Circle Events Calendar posts upcoming guest speak</span><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;">ers at our meetings and conferences and meetings in Alameda / Contra Costa Counties tha</span><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;">t will be of interest both to families and providers. If </span><span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;">you would like to see a guest speaker or a specific topic at an event or meeting please email us at thefatherscircle@gmail.com. Note that the listing of events does not constitute official endorsement by The Fathers Circle. Events are listed for information purposes only.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Thank you! The following is a list of upcoming events<br /></span><br />. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /><p><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></p><span style="font-family:verdana;"><p style="margin: 5.0px 0.0px 5.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Times New Roman"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">New Events Coming Soon!</span></b></p></span>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Disclaimer: The referrals on this website are a combined effort of caring parents and are not intended to be medical advice. With any therapy, results may vary. This website neither endorses nor opposes any outside causes that can be reached through any links on our <span style="COLOR: rgb(255,255,204)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); FONT-STYLE: italic">site.</span></span></span><p></p>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-71921767877190249092008-08-21T11:57:00.000-07:002008-08-21T13:09:37.533-07:00Stories<span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;"><br />The stereotypical Male Role Belief System that is so deeply held and felt in our society -- that men are hard driven, inexpressive, pragmatic creatures, devoid of strong emotions or the capacity to nurture, always more at home with work than with their families... is quickly fading away.<br /><br />Today's men are finding an <span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">interdependancy</span> within a community of men sharing their experiences of depression, fear and pain, and ultimately the love, care and understanding gained through the extraordinary relationships they have with their children... with one another.<br /><br />Here are some stories from the men in our circle...</span><span class="body"></span>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-58912805243320115062008-08-21T11:56:00.000-07:002008-12-10T20:22:46.942-08:00Contact Us<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzhpOWIhxlx3s6wak4BfJeCo1X38xzt8Qeqp9JGdaaDRyoBjGlfKDXCTxIKZAvwIfSVIEuAB7Z6bOd1qQYbqf-JzTOSrnVHqiquDxz_v7OK4WCo2wnnbxx9ouKaumdr53X_JFGs36trbVF/s1600-h/WebAddress.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5104591341364525202" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzhpOWIhxlx3s6wak4BfJeCo1X38xzt8Qeqp9JGdaaDRyoBjGlfKDXCTxIKZAvwIfSVIEuAB7Z6bOd1qQYbqf-JzTOSrnVHqiquDxz_v7OK4WCo2wnnbxx9ouKaumdr53X_JFGs36trbVF/s200/WebAddress.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Email: thefatherscircle@gmail.comThe Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-24253892968700096112008-08-21T11:55:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:01:14.660-07:00Relationship Development Intervention (RDI)<span style="font-size:100%;"><b style="FONT-FAMILY: arial"><br /><a href="http://www.rdiconnect.com/">Relationship Development Intervention</a></b><span style="font-family:arial;"> (RDI) is a </span><a title="Trademark" style="FONT-FAMILY: arial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark">trademarked</a><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span><a title="Proprietary" style="FONT-FAMILY: arial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary">proprietary</a><span style="font-family:arial;"> treatment program for </span><a title="Autism spectrum" style="FONT-FAMILY: arial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum">autism spectrum</a><span style="font-family:arial;"> disorders (ASD), based on the belief that the development of dynamic intelligence is the key to improving the quality of life for individuals with </span><a title="Autism" style="FONT-FAMILY: arial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism">autism</a><span style="font-family:arial;">. The program's core philosophy is that individuals with autism can participate in authentic emotional relationships if they are exposed to them in a gradual, systematic way. The goal of treatment is to systematically build up the motivation and tools for successfully interacting in social relationships, to correct deficits in this area that are thought to be common to all people with autism.</span></span> <p style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">RDI focuses on cultivating the building blocks of social connection -- such as referencing, emotion sharing, <a title="Coregulation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coregulation">coregulation</a>, and experience sharing -- that normally develop in infancy and early childhood. RDI is a family-based program, where trained consultants support families to alter their interaction and communication styles. There is a period of parent education, followed by an assessment of both the child and the child-parent relationship. After that consultants support the family through a set of specific objectives.</span></p><table class="toc" id="toc" summary="Contents" face="arial"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table><script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script><br /><p style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">RDI is not a behavioural approach, and does not view ASD as a behavioural disorder. Instead, ASD is caused by a lack of connections between neurones in the brain, or neural underconnectivity.<br /></span></p><p style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span class="mw-headline" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:130%;" >History</span><br />The RDI program is based upon a model of dynamic intelligence developed by Dr. Steven Gutstein. Gutstein studied the means by which typical children become competent in the world of emotional relationships. He looked at the research in developmental psychology and found that early parent-infant interaction predicted later abilities in language, thinking and social development. Two books of RDI-based activities as well as a book explaining the background ideas were published in 2002, but RDI has changed significantly since then and is now only available through the RDIos, or operating system, accessed by trained consultants.</span></p><p style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">There are now trained consultants in the US, UK, Australia, Canada, Japan and Singapore.<br /><br /><span class="mw-headline" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:130%;" >Major Ideas</span><br />Neural underconnectivity in people with ASD leads to a rigid and static view of the world. Because of this dislike of change and inability to cope with new information, people with ASD do not develop dynamic intelligence which is essential for relationships, independence and quality of life.</span></p><p style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Dynamic Intelligence means being able to think flexibly, take different perspectives, cope with change, process information simultaneously (e.g. listen and look at the same time), take into account different factors when making a decision. These abilities are essential in the real world.</span></p><p style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Typical children develop dynamic intelligence through guided participation, that is being guided and given challenges by their caregivers. Due to their social difficulties, this relationship breaks down in children with ASD and so families must be supported to re-build it, in a slow and more deliberate manner. Children need to learn to reference their parents, share emotions and use experience-sharing language in order to build a close and trusting relationship where they can learn and cope with the uncertainty of life.<br /></span></p><p style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="mw-headline" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Research on RDI</span></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />While the Connections Center has conducted two studies into RDI, there have been as yet no independent studies, although there is currently one study being conducted at the University of Sydney, Australia.</span></p><p style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">There is a large body of research supporting the components of RDI, including Guided Participation, Experience-Sharing language, Social referencing, and the effect of early infant interaction. This research is widely accepted in the mainstream.</span></p><p style="COLOR: rgb(255,255,255);font-family:arial;" ><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="COLOR: rgb(255,0,0);font-size:130%;" ><a href="http://www.rdiconnect.com/">Relationship Development Intervention - Home of the RDI Treatment Program for Autism Spectrum Disorders</a></span><br /></span></p>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-24901789265586754332008-08-21T11:54:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:02:58.489-07:00M.I.N.D. Institute Free Lectures<span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><strong><span style="font-family:arial;">M.I.N.D. Institute Distinguished Lecture Series</span></strong><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Another season of inspiration and ideas from prominant contributors to our understanding of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Lectures are free, open to the public and hel in the M.I.N.D. Institute auditorium. There are nine lecture in the 2007-08 series. </span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><strong>December 12</strong></span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;">Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Ph.D., University of London</span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;">4 p.m. - Modules, Genes and Evolution: Lessons from Develpmental Disorders</span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;">6 p.m. - Understanding Disorders of Mind and Brain in Children: The Necessity of a Developmental Perspective</span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"><strong>January 9</strong></span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;">Carlos A. Pardo, M.D., John Hopkins University</span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;">4 p.m. - Is Neuroimmunity Involved in the Pathogenesis of Autism?</span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;">6 p.m. - Is There Brain Inflammation in Autism?</span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;">For information about the entire lecturer series and to view recording of past lectures, visit our Web site: <a href="http://www.mindinstitute.org/">http://www.mindinstitute.org/</a>.</span>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-64706347964511007482008-08-21T11:53:00.000-07:002008-12-10T20:22:47.706-08:00Biomedical Therapies<span style="font-family:verdana;">It is important to run tests to determine if your child is in the Autism sub-group that will benefit from these therapies.</span><br /><br /><div><span style="font-family:verdana;">Gluten/Casen Allergen</span></div><br /><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Heavy Metal Toxins</span></div><br /><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Low L-Glutathione</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></div><div></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong></strong></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong></strong></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gluten/Casen Resources</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;">These products can be found at...</span><br /></div><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Valley Health Mill - 3037 Hopyard, Suite J - Pleasanton</span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi57WoH6a65Le8i4_2E6wU4pOwyEhyphenhyphenxjpmTbn4pFhdUt7OcJfWgZiY-bAyXzgIPksVVBCZK3trJSZK1az0OrKd5J_sU01ns5IHlUfhBFQ6b1tYX2jGyYhitfPb5GlyCCvGi8m0OvspgeHom/s1600-h/Kinnik-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5103630269417600946" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi57WoH6a65Le8i4_2E6wU4pOwyEhyphenhyphenxjpmTbn4pFhdUt7OcJfWgZiY-bAyXzgIPksVVBCZK3trJSZK1az0OrKd5J_sU01ns5IHlUfhBFQ6b1tYX2jGyYhitfPb5GlyCCvGi8m0OvspgeHom/s200/Kinnik-1.jpg" border="0" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDq1WMuMFY9ZaD7SW07KlbIzqPWXKsymrK52AfnTmlr9GhO8SFpUNZJXJ3nXR-gx_rIKztZ2X9S4q75eWGz-XLzvzLJ3-jwjDDCmbhULGJO6yvV9VaCEbUdnDKqXURn-RbuXpfktzlvKUQ/s1600-h/Kinnik-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5103630694619363266" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDq1WMuMFY9ZaD7SW07KlbIzqPWXKsymrK52AfnTmlr9GhO8SFpUNZJXJ3nXR-gx_rIKztZ2X9S4q75eWGz-XLzvzLJ3-jwjDDCmbhULGJO6yvV9VaCEbUdnDKqXURn-RbuXpfktzlvKUQ/s200/Kinnik-2.jpg" border="0" /></a>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-76082187637327438292008-08-21T11:52:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:20:57.849-07:00Resources<span class="body" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">The Fathers Circle provides current information, resources and web links to assist all families and special needs providers involved in the lives of our children. This information is designed to promote the well-being of all family members. If you have any suggestions for additional information you would like to see on our website please email us at thefatherscircle@gmail.com<br /></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"><br /><br /><a style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)" href="http://www.ncld.org/content/view/900/456084/">National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD)</a><br /></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><a style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)" href="http://www.ncld.org/images/stories/downloads/parent_center/idea2004parentguide.pdf"><span style="font-family:verdana;">NCLD downloadable "Parent Guide"</span></a><br /><br /><a style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)" href="http://www.ncld.org/content/view/827/527/"><span style="font-family:verdana;">NCLD Parent Center (which is a terrific page!)</span></a><br /><br /><a style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,255)" href="http://www.contracostaarc.com/html/care.html"><span style="font-family:verdana;">CARE Parent Network</span></a><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Disclaimer: The referrals on this website are a combined effort of caring parents and are not intended to be medical advice. With any therapy, results may vary. This website </span></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">neither endorses nor opposes any outside causes that can be reached through any links on our site.</span></span>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-83528131199795116082008-08-21T11:51:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:21:42.528-07:00Occupational Therapy<p style="FONT-FAMILY: verdana"><b>Occupational therapy</b> refers to the use of meaningful occupations to assist people who have difficulty in achieving occupationally balanced lives. Occupational therapists work with a variety of individuals who for whatever reason have difficulty in accessing or performing meaningful occupations.</p><p style="FONT-FAMILY: verdana">Most commonly, Occupational Therapists work with people following mental or physical ill health or disability to enable them to maximize their skills and abilities. Occupational therapy gives people the "skills for the job of living" necessary for living meaningful and satisfying lives.</p><p style="FONT-FAMILY: verdana">Services typically include:</p><ul style="FONT-FAMILY: verdana"><li>Customized treatment programs to improve one's ability to perform daily activities</li><li>Comprehensive home and job site evaluations with adaptation recommendations</li><li>Performance skills assessments and treatment</li><li>Adaptive equipment recommendations and usage training</li><li>Guidance to family members and caregivers</li></ul>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-68270819610305428932008-08-21T11:50:00.000-07:002008-12-10T20:22:48.216-08:00Audio & Video<span style="font-family:verdana;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Normal People Scare Me</span><br /><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A Film About Autism</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQUO7EKARwg34uo9Q98CCiEhke8Scxu9sllnTsYQe-DWaYWCu3xdSjCarkioC1hZE3qk1s_sX3A8z2YP2bu_pJbumC8i8nqV1vTKGnuHal8obqdMAx655KNBFb6TRkkZyE7svDt3oE6Xjb/s1600-h/Norm-People-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5104599553341995186" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQUO7EKARwg34uo9Q98CCiEhke8Scxu9sllnTsYQe-DWaYWCu3xdSjCarkioC1hZE3qk1s_sX3A8z2YP2bu_pJbumC8i8nqV1vTKGnuHal8obqdMAx655KNBFb6TRkkZyE7svDt3oE6Xjb/s200/Norm-People-1.jpg" border="0" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjahEtW0G5nU3BTet8L3nFTOLTQmTA8JzjkA2L27synNBMEzWkNZ-B1WYvy6-ZrEpbyWb24EWI9MZgyk0gkqStCWQVCHv-Yzp0K4EJnZvC6uVTvfxa-XBpoedEXRo12TCtLRiPWhFwZuI8A/s1600-h/Norm-People-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5104599927004149954" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjahEtW0G5nU3BTet8L3nFTOLTQmTA8JzjkA2L27synNBMEzWkNZ-B1WYvy6-ZrEpbyWb24EWI9MZgyk0gkqStCWQVCHv-Yzp0K4EJnZvC6uVTvfxa-XBpoedEXRo12TCtLRiPWhFwZuI8A/s200/Norm-People-2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgADk_Gydjy_pojTqy7YhvfUOeDD_KePPtlB58AqNGcaHQiUXfwIRuEr_hOjSNKA0GEa9_dKBmrc-jUigt4j3Q3YX7_2A44NM6BQKozZMdvlPP82WICdPhk7KEGDsXLQlItmHtB3ruYPVjf/s1600-h/Norm-People-1.jpg"></a></span>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-43899112062435170012008-08-21T11:49:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:24:41.140-07:00The M.I.N.D. Institute<span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br /><a href="http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/mindinstitute/">The M.I.N.D. Institute</a> is an international, multidisciplinary research organization, committed to excellence, collaboration and hope, striving to understand the causes and develop better treatments and ultimately cures for neurodevelopmental disorders. Standing shoulder to shoulder, families, scientists, physicians, educators, and administrators are working together to unlock the mysteries of the mind.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, fragile X syndrome and learning disorders are increasingly recognized. It is likely that you know an individual with one of these disorders. At the M.I.N.D. Institute, the “race is on” to identify the causes and develop better treatments, interventions, and preventions for the neurodevelopmental disorders that affect children and families around the world.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">While much work needs to be done, UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute is committed to using an integrated, comprehensive research approach to understanding the causes and finding cures for these neurodevelopmental disorders.</span></span>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-2423680276987478202008-08-21T11:48:00.000-07:002008-12-10T20:22:53.012-08:00Recommended Reading<span style="font-family:verdana;">Ten Things Every Child With </span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">Autism Wishes You Knew<br />(Great book for your child's new teacher!)</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk-h7bO8fPpru40dPViVN8g5kLNt0ILsHfxIt781i_ST3Ri535PfyuqRUxD61UR5qbkaVEOSdwuwjsv99gzwIVJ_g6xiPTLcqJ7je6LZiS20ejZfloi-G4LvciPwCP5hHhkYgj7iI76Tgh/s1600-h/10-Things...1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5103614786060498802" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk-h7bO8fPpru40dPViVN8g5kLNt0ILsHfxIt781i_ST3Ri535PfyuqRUxD61UR5qbkaVEOSdwuwjsv99gzwIVJ_g6xiPTLcqJ7je6LZiS20ejZfloi-G4LvciPwCP5hHhkYgj7iI76Tgh/s200/10-Things...1.jpg" border="0" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbB7pxLUAjtj63NVWIXevQby4ExFVbLQqacBu50bQ0u0GtF8rgzXcqf8I0e9yzKIIgp-d4UDNTL6IecT7BveM7QJt4WTLny6KKQWv55EIKDwxBSZxE7c1qTUmU1QACSglu27TaotHOSfiT/s1600-h/10-Things...2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5103614910614550402" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbB7pxLUAjtj63NVWIXevQby4ExFVbLQqacBu50bQ0u0GtF8rgzXcqf8I0e9yzKIIgp-d4UDNTL6IecT7BveM7QJt4WTLny6KKQWv55EIKDwxBSZxE7c1qTUmU1QACSglu27TaotHOSfiT/s200/10-Things...2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">1001 Great Ideas for Teaching and Raising</span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;"><br /></span><span style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGrxd4AfHgza50LS8kfJRUiJhWwSuVc-r02XvZuKeqD3ic5etouxhrPfN_kyLZRHJkweBn8X7jyNEYJS-c5KSiRuMSobQWo63z8ev0lBVwmEnAeV9PkB_r_uX0lmJvLuZj1-7HnGOLvQaJ/s1600-h/1001-Great-Ideas-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101565790307563154" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGrxd4AfHgza50LS8kfJRUiJhWwSuVc-r02XvZuKeqD3ic5etouxhrPfN_kyLZRHJkweBn8X7jyNEYJS-c5KSiRuMSobQWo63z8ev0lBVwmEnAeV9PkB_r_uX0lmJvLuZj1-7HnGOLvQaJ/s200/1001-Great-Ideas-1.jpg" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpGHdUifo6kOaE-fXo82wMwmzTEm3_YhVE1WzqsbVp2mMgf3ALvnn4zxQ32aoeDVRG93Hduq360PrDIs4xn3szsw0ndtHxCVBa-0Fkc4YnFjuWJLXNlhyphenhyphenF8_82rr6eyDQaIBkAqHcSnsS/s1600-h/1001-Great-Ideas-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101565120292664962" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpGHdUifo6kOaE-fXo82wMwmzTEm3_YhVE1WzqsbVp2mMgf3ALvnn4zxQ32aoeDVRG93Hduq360PrDIs4xn3szsw0ndtHxCVBa-0Fkc4YnFjuWJLXNlhyphenhyphenF8_82rr6eyDQaIBkAqHcSnsS/s200/1001-Great-Ideas-2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-size:100%;">Overcoming Autism<br />Finding the Answers, Strategies, and<br />Hope That Can transform a Child's Life</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfb0sFd31f6jX3GHSDE70NwO3BKJBt1dDnq9vx4yIgYfPSpCAAa95UGzzt1uR6sF3MiNoNbwI_fKHeTd5A6AGAvhrpRK7lAB8GY6A5ynCVmnQa2uhflj63RWLyar89YLIcg_9PnjwlHQoX/s1600-h/Overcoming-Autism-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101567942086178466" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfb0sFd31f6jX3GHSDE70NwO3BKJBt1dDnq9vx4yIgYfPSpCAAa95UGzzt1uR6sF3MiNoNbwI_fKHeTd5A6AGAvhrpRK7lAB8GY6A5ynCVmnQa2uhflj63RWLyar89YLIcg_9PnjwlHQoX/s200/Overcoming-Autism-1.jpg" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2clCQu9MADp61mZQyw0OtM_cDsbBFPWiwcKt9p1PAsVJ3sI7m0DR9V2a2f5SdOSS7OYACnuedjXeea8M5HNCq8tZGljKOyHxlYy_mZxgnemSAfNUU7pejKmQMw7uXJJ1YK_hupYraiGkQ/s1600-h/Overcoming-Autism-2.1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101569140382054066" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2clCQu9MADp61mZQyw0OtM_cDsbBFPWiwcKt9p1PAsVJ3sI7m0DR9V2a2f5SdOSS7OYACnuedjXeea8M5HNCq8tZGljKOyHxlYy_mZxgnemSAfNUU7pejKmQMw7uXJJ1YK_hupYraiGkQ/s200/Overcoming-Autism-2.1.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />The Complete IEP Guide<br />How to Advocate for Your Special Ed Child<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfPugZDlEmqKB3N9vBVttKSwt9MFsRF7p6o9FOZigtZGGDS5hddq16tKOiD-5tNtRLorORug91tRtd02o9DZKeFfsd9xEuwwb1nyOhorsWOkCE_58VG9Ru406xNVaPFSzz0SGUDBv7X7w5/s1600-h/Complete-IEP-Guide-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101575715976984258" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfPugZDlEmqKB3N9vBVttKSwt9MFsRF7p6o9FOZigtZGGDS5hddq16tKOiD-5tNtRLorORug91tRtd02o9DZKeFfsd9xEuwwb1nyOhorsWOkCE_58VG9Ru406xNVaPFSzz0SGUDBv7X7w5/s200/Complete-IEP-Guide-1.jpg" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCpKdx4JcFBdUmXdWFVy_jLG_9n9jK6eKQmPQRrP6oqRodWUFnxQ-8dvVf1tnoHaSp79OQBv-JDxhaxMIz3DEj7f6aYngNYkYPEEZnN0M_VnS6dwZfjwhMIdfM6ANhNVunkF-jhqEhsNv7/s1600-h/Complete-IEP-Guide-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101576802603710162" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCpKdx4JcFBdUmXdWFVy_jLG_9n9jK6eKQmPQRrP6oqRodWUFnxQ-8dvVf1tnoHaSp79OQBv-JDxhaxMIz3DEj7f6aYngNYkYPEEZnN0M_VnS6dwZfjwhMIdfM6ANhNVunkF-jhqEhsNv7/s200/Complete-IEP-Guide-2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Just Take A Bite<br />Easy, Effective Answers to Food<br />Aversions and Eating Challenges<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUkTog4ZGinJq4Uokoi8Iy8-jg30_EFJCbOLgjmZ_bRUIXbZutM8sP7cT0DhI6_B0cJdBMe_Nie21pL4XGxp9ppsGLtl436gI-BNKpEnXH4sLc9wF_5XrnOr3t8HJ_Mh8jv0Qu5Kr7YFg/s1600-h/Just-Take-a-Bite-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101578026669389554" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUkTog4ZGinJq4Uokoi8Iy8-jg30_EFJCbOLgjmZ_bRUIXbZutM8sP7cT0DhI6_B0cJdBMe_Nie21pL4XGxp9ppsGLtl436gI-BNKpEnXH4sLc9wF_5XrnOr3t8HJ_Mh8jv0Qu5Kr7YFg/s200/Just-Take-a-Bite-1.jpg" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii7RETbfJvVrohPYDjvj32QatILp59WJVXWq9Y6RqSEQ8WjvRLtAaW-zXrTAIWOGQuYtXfv4ZprDHzbtLnuP9K6St_S2-Jj486XjguXh25UxJMc2Xl4u_NcqUWsknk-PDOsV6OM6my0PGH/s1600-h/Just-Take-a-Bite-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101578529180563202" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii7RETbfJvVrohPYDjvj32QatILp59WJVXWq9Y6RqSEQ8WjvRLtAaW-zXrTAIWOGQuYtXfv4ZprDHzbtLnuP9K6St_S2-Jj486XjguXh25UxJMc2Xl4u_NcqUWsknk-PDOsV6OM6my0PGH/s200/Just-Take-a-Bite-2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />The Late Talker<br />What to Do If Your Child Isn't Talking Yet<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0ccU3Ft5GwMAHks4v0riBCtKywnuzyCPcrXZZ-Q68u_wW4TNsCuEd_W03ob4QyCRjuOfwyiDHzB5ltw4n3HROs9APdwaalxs_QJQSMWnckmLd5hY3cKEFOTG-_m4YJbSenN84ong9oRWK/s1600-h/Late-Talker-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101578881367881490" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0ccU3Ft5GwMAHks4v0riBCtKywnuzyCPcrXZZ-Q68u_wW4TNsCuEd_W03ob4QyCRjuOfwyiDHzB5ltw4n3HROs9APdwaalxs_QJQSMWnckmLd5hY3cKEFOTG-_m4YJbSenN84ong9oRWK/s200/Late-Talker-1.jpg" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE-YwP_FK3U9aJ61AtET8-06SOK9yKP54V_z6NTxGeI8nMVChSoShJ-nkNx_xe0pi5kJ5vNOL7Q_UhQ1JubYtlRoxIsN6ABdUbEcxWcpSf28djjZq10KkmY-YawIZdiekNlgdFt3O6_NhS/s1600-h/Late-Talker-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101579890685196066" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE-YwP_FK3U9aJ61AtET8-06SOK9yKP54V_z6NTxGeI8nMVChSoShJ-nkNx_xe0pi5kJ5vNOL7Q_UhQ1JubYtlRoxIsN6ABdUbEcxWcpSf28djjZq10KkmY-YawIZdiekNlgdFt3O6_NhS/s200/Late-Talker-2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Keys to Parenting the Child with Autism<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0ilb9lpR2szBfo5YUhNSXO2lP-vtIq0ls_UL3gTyhOwMWqSFwWhr-lAZHEHTn_AgWE44DkptIxmCcDct0r_v8c0LJvJJ7j1SurY_m3jqtDSnCEZ7K2F71Mccw2iZPoJhcxjXefkt3OQ3k/s1600-h/Keys-to-Parenting-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101580260052383538" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0ilb9lpR2szBfo5YUhNSXO2lP-vtIq0ls_UL3gTyhOwMWqSFwWhr-lAZHEHTn_AgWE44DkptIxmCcDct0r_v8c0LJvJJ7j1SurY_m3jqtDSnCEZ7K2F71Mccw2iZPoJhcxjXefkt3OQ3k/s200/Keys-to-Parenting-1.jpg" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVkVSq8oasSkGynvjBKXvGAYKJoWnlxF1XQLoefb9myuF518x3mntrQTHPO4RtKQ578jOYCxc7uErptcGySMeaep8exnZzCmdxi7qp3cOMDIO-aHc4a-jqFtzvO-WISXUEdo68c5dF46Eh/s1600-h/Keys-to-Parenting-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101581406808651586" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVkVSq8oasSkGynvjBKXvGAYKJoWnlxF1XQLoefb9myuF518x3mntrQTHPO4RtKQ578jOYCxc7uErptcGySMeaep8exnZzCmdxi7qp3cOMDIO-aHc4a-jqFtzvO-WISXUEdo68c5dF46Eh/s200/Keys-to-Parenting-2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Toilet Training<br />For Individuals with Autism and Related Disorders<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLVRV1L9UmenGr10Ft7AwRlFWvCw8VGky4g0L3mQS83tGc2M9SKxZUzLCEH8NxWECZnqaV1CvqTsPkCB9mJfzIRZKytsuxWgGfFx0Gflm9Q9jJ2ZcMPMF9Am7gPtonbpuf7_LAYKnevRPD/s1600-h/Toilet-Training-1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101581982334269266" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLVRV1L9UmenGr10Ft7AwRlFWvCw8VGky4g0L3mQS83tGc2M9SKxZUzLCEH8NxWECZnqaV1CvqTsPkCB9mJfzIRZKytsuxWgGfFx0Gflm9Q9jJ2ZcMPMF9Am7gPtonbpuf7_LAYKnevRPD/s200/Toilet-Training-1.jpg" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG1H7qRzBq2XwlAIU22lsx04o8sm4UQnVlvcr9Hu9FHySaFQngtgxC0OP13U-53qRYre4h-u2l5lNSCFDpfLOqlvc7d7kXQAJnYgGxspPB5uW6S1jPyYsCUbr1M34okwlT8sQN-jR7ag7D/s1600-h/Toilet-Training-2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5101583902184650594" style="CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG1H7qRzBq2XwlAIU22lsx04o8sm4UQnVlvcr9Hu9FHySaFQngtgxC0OP13U-53qRYre4h-u2l5lNSCFDpfLOqlvc7d7kXQAJnYgGxspPB5uW6S1jPyYsCUbr1M34okwlT8sQN-jR7ag7D/s200/Toilet-Training-2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Disclaimer: The referrals on this website are a combined effort of caring parents and are not intended to be medical advice. With any therapy, results may vary. This website </span></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">neither endorses nor opposes any outside causes that can be reached through any links on our site.</span></span></div>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-9749077294997524502008-08-21T11:47:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:28:09.773-07:00Insurance Help for California Families<span style="font-family:verdana;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;"><strong>PLEASE READ THIS DISCLAIMER WHICH IS THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OF THIS WEBSITE.</strong></span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.insurancehelpforautism.com/index.html">Insurance Help for Autism</a><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;">This website was created as a starting point to help California parents obtain insurance coverage for autism related therapies, which include, but are not limited to: Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA), Speech therapy, Occupational therapy, Physical therapy, etc. This is based on our personal experience getting coverage for our son's various therapies. I am just a mom and have no legal training or background in the insurance industry. My statements and advice are not intended to replace your own research. I have included copies of the documents that helped us along the way. This may not help everyone, but I hope that it gives you the information and tools you will need to obtain insurance coverage for your child. </span>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-1624710542770977202008-08-21T11:46:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:29:50.320-07:00Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)<p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Definitions of ABA vary considerably; one example states:</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">"[ABA is] the design, implementation, and evaluation of environmental modifications to produce socially significant improvement in human behavior. ABA includes the use of direct observation, measurement, and functional analysis of the relations between environment and behavior. ABA uses antecedent stimuli and consequences, based on the findings of descriptive and functional analysis, to produce practical change."<sup class="reference" id="_ref-shapingbhv_0"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-shapingbhv">[2]</a></sup> This definition places emphasis on socially significant changes, but ABA can be used to alter virtually any behavior irrespective of its social relevance.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The components of any behavior are as follows:<br /></span></p><ul style="font-family:verdana;"><li><span style="font-family:verdana;"><b>Antecedent</b>: a verbal or physical stimulus such as a command or request. This may come from the environment or from another person, or be internal to the subject</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;"><b>Behavior</b>: the subject's response</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;"><b>Consequence</b>: outcome, conditional to the behavior. In controlled situations the consequence depends on the subject's behavior and goal of the program and can include </span><a title="Reinforcement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement"><span style="font-family:verdana;">reinforcement</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> of desired behavior, </span><a title="Extinction (psychology)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_%28psychology%29"><span style="font-family:verdana;">no response</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> or </span><a title="Punishment (psychology)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_%28psychology%29"><span style="font-family:verdana;">punishment</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></li></ul><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The key aspects of ABA are:<sup class="reference" id="_ref-behaviororg_0"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-behaviororg">[3]</a></sup></span></p><ul style="font-family:verdana;"><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Observation of current behavior for topography (what the movement looks like), frequency, antecedents and consequences</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Breaking down desired skills into steps</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Teaching the steps through repeated presentation of discrete trials</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Data on performance is tracked to show changes over time</span></li></ul><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">A signature of both the basic and applied field of behavior analysis is the almost exclusive use of </span><a title="Single-subject research" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-subject_research"><span style="font-family:verdana;">single-subject research</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> designs.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="ABA_and_autism" name="ABA_and_autism"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h2 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:50;">ABA and Autism</span></h2><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">ABA is one of the most common, and only proven method used to </span><a title="Autism therapies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_therapies"><span style="font-family:verdana;">treat autism</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-1"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-1">[4]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="_ref-2"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-2">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="_ref-3"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-3">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="_ref-4"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-4">[7]</a></sup> ABA has been shown to be an effective means of intervention for adults and children with pervasive developmental disorder and is one of the most widely used with this population. The ABA approach teaches social, motor, and verbal behaviors as well as reasoning skills.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-5"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-5">[8]</a></sup> ABA therapy is especially useful in teaching behaviors to individuals with </span><a title="Autism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism"><span style="font-family:verdana;">autism</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> who may not otherwise "pick up" these behaviors spontaneously through imitation. ABA teaches these skills through use of careful behavioral observation and positive reinforcement or prompting to teach each step of a behavior.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-6"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-6">[9]</a></sup> Generally ABA involves intensive training of the therapists, extensive time spent in ABA therapy (20-40 hours per week) and weekly supervision by experienced clinical supervisors known as a certified behavior analyst.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-7"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-7">[10]</a></sup></span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">An increasing amount of research in the field of ABA is concerned with </span><a title="Autism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism"><span style="font-family:verdana;">autism</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">; and it is a common misconception that Behavior Analysts work almost exclusively with individuals with autism and that ABA is synonymous with discrete trials teaching. ABA principles can also be used with a range of </span><a title="Neurotypical" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotypical"><span style="font-family:verdana;">typical</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> or atypical individuals whose issues vary from developmental delays, significant behavioral problems or undesirable habits.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">ABA is often confused as a <i>table-only</i> therapy. Properly performed, ABA should be done in both table and natural environments depending on the student's progress and needs. Once a student has mastered a skill at the table, the ABA team should move the student into a natural environment for further training and generalization of the skill.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Frequently, the </span><a title="Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_Basic_Language_and_Learning_Skills"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> (ABLLS) is used to create a baseline of the autistic (or otherwise diagnosed) learner's functional skill set. The ABLLS breaks down the learner's strengths and weaknesses to best tailor the ABA curriculum to them. By focusing on the exact skills that need help, the teacher does not teach a skill the student knows. This can also prevent student frustration at attempting a skill for which he or she is not ready.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Discrete_trials" name="Discrete_trials"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Discrete Trials</span></h3><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Discrete trials were originally used by </span><a title="B. F. Skinner" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner"><span style="font-family:verdana;">B. F. Skinner</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> in his experimental studies with rats and pigeons to demonstrate how learning was influenced by rates of </span><a title="Reinforcement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement"><span style="font-family:verdana;">reinforcement</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. The discrete trials method was adapted as a therapy for </span><a title="Developmental disability" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disability"><span style="font-family:verdana;">developmentally delayed</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> children and individuals with autism. For example, </span><a title="Ole Ivar Lovaas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Ivar_Lovaas"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Ole Ivar Lovaas</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> pioneered the use of discrete trials for autistic children to help them learn skills ranging from making eye contact and following simple instructions to advanced language and social skills. Discrete trials involve breaking a behavior into its most basic functional unit and presenting the units in a series.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">A discrete trial usually consists of the following: The antecedent, possibly combined with a prompt (a non-essential element used to assist learning or correct responding), the behavior of the student, and a consequence. If the student's behavior is what is desired, the consequence is something positive: food, candy, a game, praise, etc. If the behavior was not correct, the teacher offers the correct answer, then repeats the trial, possibly with more prompting if needed.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">There is usually an inter-trial interval that allows for a few seconds to separate each trial, to allow the student to process the information, teaches the student to wait, and makes the onset of the next trial more discrete. Discrete trials can be used to develop most skills, which includes cognitive, verbal communication, play, social and self-help skills.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Techniques_used_in_Applied_Behavior_Analysis" name="Techniques_used_in_Applied_Behavior_Analysis"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h2 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:50;">Techniques used in Applied Behavior Analysis</span></h2><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Chaining" name="Chaining"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Chaining</span></h3><dl style="font-family:verdana;"><dd><div class="noprint"><i><span style="font-family:verdana;">Main article: </span><a title="Chaining" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaining"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Chaining</span></a></i></div></dd></dl><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The skill to be learned is broken down into the smallest units for easy learning. For example, a person learning to brush teeth independently may start with learning to unscrew the toothpaste cap. Once the he or she has learned this, the next step may be squeezing the tube, and so on.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Prompting" name="Prompting"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Prompting</span></h3><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The parent or therapist provides assistance to encourage the desired response from the student. Prompts are faded systematically and as quickly as possible from a more intrusive prompt to the least intrusive prompt, with completely independent responding as the goal. Prompts include:</span></p><ul style="font-family:verdana;"><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Verbal prompts - e.g., "Take the toothpaste cap off" (Should be avoided when possible as verbal prompts are the hardest to fade);</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">gestural prompts - e.g., pointing at the toothpaste;</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Physical prompts - (often called spatial fading) involves fading from full physical (i.e., hand over hand) to hand on wrist, hand on elbow, hand on shoulder, shadowing, to fading your proximity; and</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Modeling - e.g., taking the cap off to show the student how it is done</span></li></ul><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Fading" name="Fading"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Fading</span></h3><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The overall goal is for an individual to eventually not need prompts. This is why the least intrusive prompts are used, so the student does not become overly dependent on them when learning a new behavior or skill. Prompts are gradually faded out as then new behavior is learned. Learning to unscrew the toothpaste lid may start with physically guiding the child's hands, to pointing at the toothpaste, then just a verbal request.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Generalization" name="Generalization"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Generalization</span></h3><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Once a skill is learned in a controlled environment (usually table-time), the skill is taught in more general settings. Perhaps the skill will be taught in the natural environment. If the student has successfully mastered learning colors at the table, the teacher may take the student around the house or his school and then re-teach the skill in these more natural environments.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Shaping" name="Shaping"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Shaping</span></h3><dl style="font-family:verdana;"><dd><div class="noprint"><i><span style="font-family:verdana;">Main article: </span><a title="Shaping (psychology)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaping_%28psychology%29"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Shaping (psychology)</span></a></i></div></dd></dl><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Shaping involves gradually modifying the existing behavior into the desired behavior. If the student engages with a dog by hitting it, the he or she could have their behavior shaped by reinforcing interactions in which he or she touches the dog more gently. Over many interactions, successful shaping would replace the hitting behavior with patting or other gentler behavior.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Differential_reinforcement" name="Differential_reinforcement"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Differential reinforcement</span></h3><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a title="Reinforcement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Reinforcement</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> provides a response to the student’s behavior that will most likely increase that behavior. It is “differential” because the level of reinforcement varies depending on the student's response. Difficult tasks may be reinforced heavily whereas easy tasks may be reinforced less heavily. Therapists must systematically change the student's reinforcement so that he or she will eventually respond appropriately under natural schedules of reinforcement (occasional) with natural types of reinforcers (social).</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Video_modeling" name="Video_modeling"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Video modeling</span></h3><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">One teaching technique found to be effective with some students, particularly children, is the use of video modeling (the use of taped sequences as exemplars of behavior). It can be used by therapists to assist in the acquisition of both verbal and </span><a title="Voluntary action" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_action"><span style="font-family:verdana;">motor</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> resoponses, in some cases for long </span><a title="Chaining" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaining"><span style="font-family:verdana;">chains</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> of behavior.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-8"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-8">[11]</a></sup></span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Maintaining_parental_and_professional_relationships_in_the_ABA_approach" name="Maintaining_parental_and_professional_relationships_in_the_ABA_approach"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h2 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:50;">Maintaining Parental and Professional Relationships in the ABA Approach</span></h2><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">An adequate communication and a supportive relationship between educational systems and families allow the student to receive a beneficial education. This pertains to typical learners as well as to individuals who need additional services. It was not until the 1960s that researchers began exploring Applied Behavior Analysis as a method to educate those children who fall somewhere on the autism spectrum. Behavioral analysts agree that consistency in and out of the school classroom is key in order for autistic children to maintain proper standing in school and continue to develop to their greatest potential.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Applied behavior analysis involves an entire team working together to address a person's educational or behavioral needs. This team includes professionals such as speech therapists as well as the primary caregivers, who are treated as key to the implementation of successful therapy in the ABA model. The ABA method relies on behavior principles and a recommended curriculum that reflects an individual's needs and abilities. As such, regular meetings with professionals to discuss programming are one way to establish a successful working relationship between a family and their school. When a caregiver can be the outlet source for the generalization of skills outside of school, it helps the therapy process by catering to the student's individual needs. In the ABA framework, developing and maintaining a structured working relationship between parents or guardians and professionals is essential to ensure consistency of thought and practice of behavioral methods.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Criticisms_of_ABA" name="Criticisms_of_ABA"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h2 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:50;">Criticisms of ABA</span></h2><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Applied behavioral analysis has been criticized for several perceived failings:</span></p><ul style="font-family:verdana;"><li><span style="font-family:verdana;"><b>Outcomes</b> - The long term outcomes of ABA therapy on </span><a title="Quality of life" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_life"><span style="font-family:verdana;">quality of life</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">, relationships and employment have not been established and are still being debated scientifically and in courts<sup class="reference" id="_ref-9"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-9">[12]</a></sup> (for example, the case of </span><a title="Auton (Guardian ad litem of) v. British Columbia (Attorney General)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auton_%28Guardian_ad_litem_of%29_v._British_Columbia_%28Attorney_General%29"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Auton v. B.C. Attourney General</span></a><sup class="reference" id="_ref-10"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-10"><span style="font-family:verdana;">[13]</span></a></sup><span style="font-family:verdana;"> which is attempting to force the Canadian </span><a title="Health care systems" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_systems"><span style="font-family:verdana;">health care system</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> to pay for ABA treatment)</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;"><b>Language</b> - ABA and discrete trials are seen as less effective for improving the ability to use language to communicate effectively; best practices for learning language now involve naturalized teaching that mimics the functions of language - requesting, labeling and obeying commands<sup class="reference" id="_ref-11"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-11">[14]</a></sup></span></li></ul><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Autism_rights_movement" name="Autism_rights_movement"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Autism rights movement</span></h3><dl style="font-family:verdana;"><dd><div class="noprint"><i><span style="font-family:verdana;">Main article: </span><a title="Ethical challenges to autism treatment" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_challenges_to_autism_treatment"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Ethical challenges to autism treatment</span></a></i></div></dd></dl><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The </span><a title="Autism rights movement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_rights_movement"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Autism rights movement</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> oppose ABA for several reasons:</span></p><ul style="font-family:verdana;"><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">The use of </span><a title="Aversives" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aversives"><span style="font-family:verdana;">aversives</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> in the 1960s when ABA started to be used to treat autism (currently aversives are only used for potentially injurious behaviors)</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">The effort by some practitioners to render individuals indistinguishable from peers by eliminating </span><a title="Stimming" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimming"><span style="font-family:verdana;">harmless behaviors</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">ABA has also been challenged on </span><a title="Ethics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics"><span style="font-family:verdana;">ethical</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> grounds by autistic </span><a title="Michelle Dawson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Dawson"><span style="font-family:verdana;">individuals</span></a><sup class="reference" id="_ref-12"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-12"><span style="font-family:verdana;">[15]</span></a></sup><span style="font-family:verdana;"> and their advocates<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since June 2007" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup></span></li></ul><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="History" name="History"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h2 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:50;">History</span></h2><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Applied behavior analysis is the applied side of the </span><a title="Experimental analysis of behavior" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_analysis_of_behavior"><span style="font-family:verdana;">experimental analysis of behavior</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. Its origin can be traced back to Teodoro Ayllon & </span><a title="Jack Michael" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Michael"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Jack Michael</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">'s 1959 article <i>The psychiatric nurse as a behavioral engineer.</i><sup class="reference" id="_ref-13"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-13">[16]</a></sup> as well as initial efforts to implement teaching machines<sup class="reference" id="_ref-14"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-14">[17]</a></sup>.The research basis of ABA can be found in the theoretical work of </span><a title="Behaviorism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism"><span style="font-family:verdana;">behaviorism</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> and </span><a title="Radical behaviorism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_behaviorism"><span style="font-family:verdana;">radical behaviorism</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> originating with the work of </span><a title="B. F. Skinner" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner"><span style="font-family:verdana;">B. F. Skinner</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. Much like Skinner himself attracted controversy for the perceived cruelty and inhumanity of his theories, ABA has itself been criticized with some justification for the methods used by early interventions with autistic individuals. Initially ABA used far more aversives such as </span><a title="Cattle prod" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle_prod"><span style="font-family:verdana;">cattle prods</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">,<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since June 2007" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup> shouting and slaps to reduce unwanted behaviors,<sup class="reference" id="_ref-15"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-15">[18]</a></sup> though currently these practices are used only in unusual situations.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Applied behavior analysis now encompasses treatments in applied settings in things as varied as leisure skills development, improving sports performance, cigarette smoking cessation, increasing exercise, and other areas.</span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="ABA_and_gendered_behavior" name="ABA_and_gendered_behavior"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">ABA and Gendered Behavior</span></h3><p style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-family:verdana;">In 1973 the </span><a title="American Psychiatric Association" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association"><span style="font-family:verdana;">American Psychiatric Association</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> </span><a title="Homosexuality and psychology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_and_psychology#Declassification"><span style="font-family:verdana;">removed</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> homosexuality from its </span><a title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. In 1974, </span><a title="Ole Ivar Lovaas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Ivar_Lovaas"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Ole Ivar Lovaas</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> (who pioneered the use of ABA to treat autism) was second author on an </span><a title="Scientific journal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_journal"><span style="font-family:verdana;">journal article</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> in ABA was used to reduce 'feminine' behaviors and increase 'masculine' behaviors of a male child in an effort to prevent adult </span><a title="Transsexualism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transsexualism"><span style="font-family:verdana;">transsexualism</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-16"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-16">[19]</a></sup> The promotion of traditional sex-role behaviors was not unopposed within the field of behavior analysis, with at least one author arguing that it was not justified <sup class="reference" id="_ref-17"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_note-17">[20]</a></sup></span></p><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="See_also" name="See_also"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h2 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:50;">See also</span></h2><ul face="verdana"><li><a title="Educational psychology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_psychology"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Educational psychology</span></a></li></ul><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Notes" name="Notes"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h2 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:50;">Notes</span></h2><div class="references-small" face="verdana"><ol class="references"><li id="_note-0"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-0"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite class="book" id="Reference-Chiesa-2004" style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Chiesa, Mecca (2004). <i>Radical behaviorism: The philosophy & the science</i>. Authors Cooperative, 241. <a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0962331147">ISBN 0962331147</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" isbn="0962331147" pub="Authors+Cooperative&rft.pages=" aufirst="Mecca&rft.date=" btitle="Radical+behaviorism%3A+The+philosophy+%26+the+science&rft.aulast=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-shapingbhv"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-shapingbhv_0"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> </span><a class="external text" title="http://www.shapingbehavior.com/whatisaba.html" href="http://www.shapingbehavior.com/whatisaba.html" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">What is ABA</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. Retrieved on </span><a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="font-family:verdana;">2007</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">-</span><a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25"><span style="font-family:verdana;">05-25</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></li><li id="_note-behaviororg"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-behaviororg_0"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> </span><a class="external text" title="http://www.behavior.org/autism/index.cfm?page=" href="http://www.behavior.org/autism/index.cfm?page=http%3A//www.behavior.org/autism/autism_ABA_FAQ.cfm" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Autism and ABA: Frequently Asked Questions about Autism and Behavior Analysis</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. Retrieved on </span><a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="font-family:verdana;">2007</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">-</span><a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25"><span style="font-family:verdana;">05-25</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></li><li id="_note-1"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-1"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Smith, T; Groen, A.D & Wynn, J.W. (2000). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=10934569&query_hl=30&itool=pubmed_docsum" rel="nofollow" itool="pubmed_docsum" list_uids="10934569&query_hl=" cmd="Retrieve&dopt=">Randomized Trial of Intensive Early Intervention for Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder</a>". <i>American Journal on Mental Retardation</i> <b>105</b> (4): 269-285. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10934569" list_uids="10934569" db="pubmed&dopt=">PMID 10934569</a>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_24">05-24</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="T&rft.pages=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="info:pmid/10934569&rft_id=" issue="4&rft.aulast=" date="2000&rft.volume=" atitle="Randomized+Trial+of+Intensive+Early+Intervention+for+Children+with+Pervasive+Developmental+Disorder&rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-2"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-2"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">McConachie, H; Diggl, T. (2006). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17286734&query_hl=32&itool=pubmed_docsum" rel="nofollow" itool="pubmed_docsum" list_uids="17286734&query_hl=" cmd="Retrieve&dopt=">Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review</a>". <i>Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice</i> <b>13</b> (1): 120-9. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17286734" list_uids="17286734" db="pubmed&dopt=">PMID 17286734</a>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_24">05-24</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="H&rft.pages=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="info:pmid/17286734&rft_id=" issue="1&rft.aulast=" date="2006&rft.volume=" atitle="Parent+implemented+early+intervention+for+young+children+with+autism+spectrum+disorder%3A+a+systematic+review&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-3"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-3"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Sallows, G.O.; Graupner, T. D. (2005). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16212446&query_hl=39&itool=pubmed_docsum" rel="nofollow" itool="pubmed_docsum" list_uids="16212446&query_hl=" cmd="Retrieve&dopt=">Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: Four-year outcome and predictors</a>". <i>American Journal on Mental Retardation</i> <b>110</b> (2): 417-438. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16212446" list_uids="16212446" db="pubmed&dopt=">PMID 16212446</a>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_24">05-24</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="G.O.&rft.pages=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="info:pmid/16212446&rft_id=" issue="2&rft.aulast=" date="2005&rft.volume=" atitle="Intensive+behavioral+treatment+for+children+with+autism%3A+Four-year+outcome+and+predictors&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-4"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-4"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Eikeseth, S; Smith, T., Jahr, E. & Eldevik, E. (2002). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=11799654&query_hl=41&itool=pubmed_docsum" rel="nofollow" itool="pubmed_docsum" list_uids="11799654&query_hl=" cmd="Retrieve&dopt=">Intensive behavioral treatment at school for 4- to 7-year-old children with autism: A 1-year comparison controlled study</a>". <i>Behavior Modification</i> <b>26</b> (1): 49-68. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11799654" list_uids="11799654" db="pubmed&dopt=">PMID 11799654</a>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_24">05-24</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="S&rft.pages=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="info:pmid/11799654&rft_id=" issue="1&rft.aulast=" date="2002&rft.volume=" atitle="Intensive+behavioral+treatment+at+school+for+4-+to+7-year-old+children+with+autism%3A++A+1-year+comparison+controlled+study&rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-5"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-5"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Harris, S.L.P.; Delmolino, L.P. (2002). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.iycjournal.com/pt/re/iyc/abstract.00001163-200201000-00006.htm;jsessionid=" href="http://www.iycjournal.com/pt/re/iyc/abstract.00001163-200201000-00006.htm;jsessionid=GVXQ0MNFTPtnfpj7zt1vF4qW80j7qn517STQ139zJyVvjv3R8bcG%21959335381%21-949856145%218091%21-1" rel="nofollow">Applied behavior analysis: Its application in the treatment of autism and related disorders in young children</a>". <i>Infants and Young Children</i> <b>14</b> (3): 11-17.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="S.L.P.&rft.pages=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iycjournal.com%2Fpt%2Fre%2Fiyc%2Fabstract.00001163-200201000-00006.htm%3Bjsessionid%3DGVXQ0MNFTPtnfpj7zt1vF4qW80j7qn517STQ139zJyVvjv3R8bcG%21959335381%21-949856145%218091%21-1" issue="3&rft.aulast=" date="2002&rft.volume=" atitle="Applied+behavior+analysis%3A+Its+application+in+the+treatment+of+autism+and+related+disorders+in+young+children&rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-6"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-6"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Simpson, R.L. (2001). "<a class="external text" title="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=" href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ630869&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accno&objectId=0900000b80078e9b" rel="nofollow" ericextsearch_searchtype_0="eric_accno&objectId=" _pagelabel="RecordDetails&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=">ABA and students with autism spectrum disorders: Issues and considerations for effective practice</a>". <i>Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities</i> <b>16</b> (2): 68-71. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25">05-25</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="R.L.&rft.pages=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="http%3A%2F%2Feric.ed.gov%2FERICWebPortal%2FHome.portal%3F_nfpb%3Dtrue%26_pageLabel%3DRecordDetails%26ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0%3DEJ630869%26ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0%3Deric_accno%26objectId%3D0900000b80078e9b" issue="2&rft.aulast=" date="2001&rft.volume=" atitle="ABA+and+students+with+autism+spectrum+disorders%3A+Issues+and+considerations+for+effective+practice&rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-7"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-7"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Shook, G.L.; Neisworth, J.T. (2005). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.leaonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327035ex1301_2?cookieSet=" href="http://www.leaonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327035ex1301_2?cookieSet=1&journalCode=ex" rel="nofollow" journalcode="ex">Ensuring appropriate qualifications for Applied Behavior Analyst professionals: The behavior analyst certification board</a>". <i>Exceptionality</i> <b>13</b> (1). <a title="Digital object identifier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">DOI</a>:<a class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327035ex1301_2" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327035ex1301_2" rel="nofollow">10.1207/s15327035ex1301_2</a>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25">05-25</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="G.L.&rft_id=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leaonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1207%2Fs15327035ex1301_2%3FcookieSet%3D1%26journalCode%3Dex" issue="1&rft.aulast=" date="2005&rft.volume=" atitle="Ensuring+appropriate+qualifications+for+Applied+Behavior+Analyst+professionals%3A+The+behavior+analyst+certification+board&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-8"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-8"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">D'Ateno, P; Mangiapanello, K. & Taylor, B. (2003). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/proedcw/jpbi/2002/00000005/00000001/art00003" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/proedcw/jpbi/2002/00000005/00000001/art00003" rel="nofollow">Using video modeling to teach complex play sequences to a preschooler with autism</a>". <i>Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions</i> <b>5</b> (1): 5-11. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25">05-25</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="P&rft.pages=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Fproedcw%2Fjpbi%2F2002%2F00000005%2F00000001%2Fart00003" issue="1&rft.aulast=" date="2003&rft.volume=" atitle="Using+video+modeling+to+teach+complex+play+sequences+to+a+preschooler+with+autism&rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-9"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-9"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <i>Auton et al. v. Attourney General of British Columbia, 2000 BCSC 1142 (CanLII)</i>, </span><a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.canlii.org/en/bc/bcsc/doc/2000/2000bcsc1142/2000bcsc1142.html" href="http://www.canlii.org/en/bc/bcsc/doc/2000/2000bcsc1142/2000bcsc1142.html" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">[1]</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> (Supreme Court of British Columbia 2000-07-26)</span></li><li id="_note-10"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-10"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <i><a title="Auton (Guardian ad litem of) v. British Columbia (Attorney General)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auton_%28Guardian_ad_litem_of%29_v._British_Columbia_%28Attorney_General%29">Auton (Guardian ad litem of) v. British Columbia (Attorney General)</a></i>, </span><a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/2004/2004scc78/2004scc78.html" href="http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/2004/2004scc78/2004scc78.html" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">[2]</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> (Supreme Court of Canada 2004-11-19)</span></li><li id="_note-11"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-11"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Delprato, D.J. (2001). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=11518484&query_hl=27&itool=pubmed_docsum" rel="nofollow" itool="pubmed_docsum" list_uids="11518484&query_hl=" cmd="Retrieve&dopt=">Comparisons of discrete-trial and normalized behavioral language intervention for young children with autism</a>". <i>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders</i> <b>31</b> (3): 315-325. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11518484" list_uids="11518484" db="pubmed&dopt=">PMID 11518484</a>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25">05-25</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="D.J.&rft.pages=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="info:pmid/11518484&rft_id=" issue="3&rft.aulast=" date="2001&rft.volume=" atitle="Comparisons+of+discrete-trial+and+normalized+behavioral+language+intervention+for+young+children+with+autism&rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-12"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-12"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> Michelle Dawson. </span><a class="external text" title="http://www.sentex.net/%7Enexus23/naa_fac.html" href="http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/naa_fac.html" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">An Autistic at the Supreme Court - The Auton Case: The Intervener's Factum</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. Retrieved on </span><a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="font-family:verdana;">2007</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">-</span><a title="July 8" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_8"><span style="font-family:verdana;">07-08</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></li><li id="_note-13"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-13"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Teodoro, Ayllon; Jack Michael (1959). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=13795356&query_hl=5&itool=pubmed_DocSum" rel="nofollow" itool="pubmed_DocSum" list_uids="13795356&query_hl=" cmd="Retrieve&dopt=">The psychiatric nurse as behavioral engineer</a>". <i>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</i> <b>2</b>: 323-334. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=13795356" list_uids="13795356" db="pubmed&dopt=">PMID 13795356</a>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25">05-25</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fdb%3Dpubmed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26dopt%3DAbstractPlus%26list_uids%3D13795356%26query_hl%3D5%26itool%3Dpubmed_DocSum" date="1959&rft.volume=" atitle="The+psychiatric+nurse+as+behavioral+engineer&rft.jtitle=" pages="323-334&rft_id=" aulast="Teodoro&rft.aufirst="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-14"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-14"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite class="book" id="Reference-Skinner-1968.2F2003" style="FONT-STYLE: normal"><a title="B. F. Skinner" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner">Skinner, B. F.</a> (1968/2003). <i>The Techology of Teaching</i>. B. F. Skinner Foundation. ISBN 68-12340 E 81290.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Techology+of+Teaching&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=B.+F.&rft.date=1968%2F2003&rft.pub=B.+F.+Skinner+Foundation&rft.isbn=68-12340 E 81290"> </span></span></li><li id="_note-15"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-15"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Moser, Dan (1965). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.neurodiversity.com/library_screams_1965.html" href="http://www.neurodiversity.com/library_screams_1965.html" rel="nofollow">Screams, Slaps & Love: A surprising, shocking treatment helps far-gone mental cripples</a>". <i>Life Magazine</i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" aufirst="Dan&rft_id=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" date="1965&rft.aulast=" atitle="Screams%2C+Slaps+%26+Love%3A+A+surprising%2C+shocking+treatment+helps+far-gone+mental+cripples&rft.jtitle="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-16"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-16"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Rekers, G.A.; Lovaas, O. I. (1974). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.neurodiversity.com/library_rekers_1974.pdf" href="http://www.neurodiversity.com/library_rekers_1974.pdf" rel="nofollow">Behavioral treatment of deviant sex-role behaviors in a male child</a>" <b>7</b> (2): 173-190. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4436165" list_uids="4436165" db="pubmed&dopt=">PMID 4436165</a>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>-<a title="June 4" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_4">06-04</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neurodiversity.com%2Flibrary_rekers_1974.pdf" atitle="Behavioral+treatment+of+deviant+sex-role+behaviors+in+a+male+child&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rft.date=" pages="173-190&rft_id=" aulast="Rekers&rft.aufirst=" volume="7&rft.issue="> </span></span></li><li id="_note-17"><b><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Behavior_Analysis#_ref-17"><span style="font-family:verdana;">^</span></a></b><span style="font-family:verdana;"> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Wikler, R.C. (1977). "<a class="external text" title="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1311224" rel="nofollow" artid="1311224">What types of sex-role behavior should behavior modifiers promote?</a>". <i>Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis</i> <b>10</b>: 549–552. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1311224" list_uids="1311224" db="pubmed&dopt=">PMID 1311224</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=" rft_id="http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3D1311224" date="1977&rft.volume=" atitle="What+types+of+sex-role+behavior+should+behavior+modifiers+promote%3F&rft.jtitle=" pages="549%E2%80%93552&rft_id=" aulast="Wikler&rft.aufirst="> </span></span></li></ol></div><p style="font-family:verdana;"><a id="Further_reading" name="Further_reading"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h2 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:50;">Further reading</span></h2><p style="FONT-FAMILY: verdana"><a id="Scientific_publications" name="Scientific_publications"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Scientific publications</span></h3><ul style="FONT-FAMILY: verdana"><li><cite id="CITEREFBaerWolfRisley1968"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Baer, D.M.; M.M. Wolf & T.R. Risley (1968), "Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis", <i>Journal of Applied Behavior analysis</i> <b>1</b>: 91-97</span></cite></li><li><cite id="CITEREFHoward2007"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Howard (2005), "A comparison of intensive behavior analytic and eclectic treatments for young children with autism", <i>Research in Developmental Disabilities</i> <b>26</b>: 359-383</span></cite></li><li><cite id="CITEREFLovaas1987"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Lovaas, O. I. (1987), "Behavioral treatment and normal education and intellectual functioning in young autistic children", <i>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology</i> <b>55</b>: 3-9</span></cite></li><li><cite id="CITEREFMcEachin1993"><span style="font-family:verdana;">McEachin, J.J (1993), "Long-term outcome for children with autism who received early intensive behavioral treatment", <i>American Journal of Mental Retardation</i> <b>97</b>: 359-372</span></cite></li><li><cite class="book" style="FONT-STYLE: normal"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Moran, D.J.; Malott R.W. (2004). <i>[Evidence-based educational methods Evidence-based educational methods]</i>. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press, 408. </span><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0125060416"><span style="font-family:verdana;">ISBN 0125060416</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" style="rft: ;font-family:verdana;" pub="Elsevier+Academic+Press&" aufirst="D.J.&rft.date=" btitle="Evidence-based+educational+methods&rft.aulast=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&" rft_id="Evidence-based+educational+methods" pages="408&rft.isbn="> </span></li><li><cite id="CITEREFSchoneberger2006"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Schoneberger, T. (2006), "</span><a class="external text" title="http://www.behavior-analyst-today.com/SLP-ABA-VOL-1/SLP-ABA-1-3.pdf" href="http://www.behavior-analyst-today.com/SLP-ABA-VOL-1/SLP-ABA-1-3.pdf" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">EIBT research after Lovaas (1987): A tale of two studies</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">", <i>The Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis</i> <b>1</b>: 207-217</span></cite></li><li><cite id="CITEREFShea2004"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Shea, Victoria (2004), "A perspective on the research literature related to early intensive behavioral intervention (Lovaas) for young children with autism", <i>Autism</i> <b>8</b> (4): 349-367</span></cite></li><li><cite class="book" style="FONT-STYLE: normal"><a title="B. F. Skinner" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Skinner, B. F</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> (2002). <i><a title="Verbal Behavior (book)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_Behavior_%28book%29">Verbal Behavior</a></i>. B. F. Skinner Foundation. </span><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=1583900217"><span style="font-family:verdana;">ISBN 1-58390-021-7</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=" style="rft: ;font-family:verdana;" pub="B.+F.+Skinner+Foundation&" aufirst="B.+F&rft.date=" btitle="%5B%5BVerbal+Behavior+%28book%29%7CVerbal+Behavior%5D%5D&rft.aulast=" rft_val_fmt="info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&"> </span></li></ul><p face="verdana"><a id="Websites" name="Websites"><span style="font-family:verdana;"></span></a></p><h3 style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" style="font-family:verdana;font-size:100%;">Websites</span></h3><ul face="verdana"><li><a class="external text" title="http://www.ascribe.org/cgi-bin/behold.pl?ascribeid=" href="http://www.ascribe.org/cgi-bin/behold.pl?ascribeid=20050805.160552&time=16" rel="nofollow" time="16"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Cal State University Stanislaus Professors Publish Revealing Report on Methods for Treating Autism</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> (2005-08-05).</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Connecticut Families for Early Autism Treatment (CTFEAT) (2006). </span><a class="external text" title="http://www.ctfeat.org/ABA.htm" href="http://www.ctfeat.org/ABA.htm" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Articles, reports, and opinion pieces describing Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and the research that supports it.</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. Retrieved on </span><a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="font-family:verdana;">2007</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">-</span><a title="April 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_1"><span style="font-family:verdana;">04-01</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></li><li><span style="font-family:verdana;">Hagopian, Louis P.; Boelter, Eric W. (2005). </span><a class="external text" title="http://www.kennedykrieger.org/kki_misc.jsp?pid=" href="http://www.kennedykrieger.org/kki_misc.jsp?pid=4761&bl=1" rel="nofollow" bl="1"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Applied Behavioral Analysis: Overview and summary of scientific support.</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. The Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Retrieved on </span><a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="font-family:verdana;">2007</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">-</span><a title="April 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_1"><span style="font-family:verdana;">04-01</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></li><li><a title="Michelle Dawson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Dawson"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Dawson, Michelle</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;"> (2004). </span><a class="external text" title="http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/naa_aba.html" href="http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/naa_aba.html" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">The misbehaviour of behaviourists: Ethical challenges to the autism-ABA industry</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. Retrieved on </span><a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="font-family:verdana;">2007</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">-</span><a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25"><span style="font-family:verdana;">05-25</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></span> </span><ul><li><a class="external text" title="http://autism.healingthresholds.com" href="http://autism.healingthresholds.com/" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">HealingThresholds</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. Retrieved on </span><a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><span style="font-family:verdana;">2007</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">-</span><a title="May 25" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_25"><span style="font-family:verdana;">05-25</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. - Provides lay summaries of current research in the field of Applied Behavioral Analysis and other autism therapies</span></li><li><a class="external text" title="http://www.autismtreatment.info/concepts+of+aba.aspx" href="http://www.autismtreatment.info/concepts+of+aba.aspx" rel="nofollow"><span style="font-family:verdana;">Concepts of ABA and Autism Treatment</span></a><span style="font-family:verdana;">. - Discrete Trials? Prompting? find out more about ABA and how it has been applied to children with Autism</span></li></ul>The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-86289113295839894472008-08-21T11:45:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:30:32.561-07:00Relationship Development Intervention (RDI)Relationship Development Intervention (RDI)The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1867030507410089790.post-38246321280639833262007-08-21T11:44:00.000-07:002008-08-21T14:31:07.519-07:00AlchemiaFounded by Directors, Lorin Kaufman & Julia Macdougall, Alchemia is a non-profit organization committed to sharing the voice of those experiencing different disabilities with their community -through an arts environment and vocational experiences. Alchemia’s voices can be sampled on our new <a title="Literary_Arts.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Literary_Arts.html" _extended="true">LITERARY ARTS</a> page, and in our ongoing, student produced <a title="Alchemia_Spotlight.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Alchemia_Spotlight.html" _extended="true">ALCHEMIA SPOTLIGHT</a>, which features behind-the-scenes Alchemia stories.<br /><br />Alchemia’s <a title="Visual_Arts.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Visual_Arts.html" _extended="true">VISUAL ARTS</a> program seeks to provide a space for all artists - for those who enjoy pursuing art as a hobby, as well as those who see art as a vocation. Alchemia’s art program explores the mediums of painting, drawing, ceramics, mixed media, fiber arts, and sculpture. Seasonal <a title="Art_Exhibitions.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Art_Exhibitions.html" _extended="true">ART EXHIBITIONS</a> are a major component of the program, and student’s work may be purchased at <a title="Alchemia_Sales.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Alchemia_Sales.html" _extended="true">ALCHEMIA SALES</a>.<br /><br />Alchemia’s <a title="Performing_Arts.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Performing_Arts.html" _extended="true">PERFORMANCE ARTS</a> program incorporates drama, music, movement, voice, video, costume making, and set design. Alchemia’s theatrical stage production of <a title="Wabi_Sabi.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Wabi_Sabi.html" _extended="true">WABI SABI</a> has been publicly performed on several sages in the north San Francisco Bay Area, as well as traveling twice to Australia. Alchemia’s <a title="House_Bands.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/House_Bands.html" _extended="true">HOUSE BANDS</a> have performed throughout the North Bay as well.<br /><br />Alchemia is also a place where those with disabilities can find work and professional support. Our <a title="Vocational_Training.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Vocational_Training.html" _extended="true">VOCATIONAL TRAINING</a> program pairs our students with jobs in the community. We invite you to meet our <a title="Students.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Students.html" _extended="true">STUDENTS</a>, get to know our <a title="Staff.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Staff.html" _extended="true">STAFF</a>, and feel free to <a title="Contact.html" href="http://www.alchemia.org/Site/Contact.html" _extended="true">CONTACT</a> us if you’d like more information about Alchemia and its programs.The Fathers Circlehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08496476983976653777noreply@blogger.com